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Evolution of European Music and Art
The complete evolution of European music and art since the beginning of time. A more comprehensive collection will not be found anywhere else.
Link to the full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de6727203831ac3d7dfdc92dd7c04d3
Here is a link to the video - https://archive.org/details/timeline-of-european-art-and-music
Link to the full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de6727203831ac3d7dfdc92dd7c04d3
Music
1808 - Beethoven (German) - Symphony No 5 in C minor - (Classical)
1814 (Adopted 1931) - Francis Scott Key (American) - United States of America's National Anthem
1826 - Mendelssohn (German) - A Midsummer Night's Dream - Overture - (Classical)
1826 - Schubert (Austrian) - Ave Maria - (Classical)
1828 - Schubert (Austrian) - Serenade - (Classical)
1829 - Rossini (Italian) - William Tell Overture Final - (Classical)
1830 - Mendelssohn (German) - Hebrides Overture - (Early Romantic)
1831 - Chopin (Polish) - Nocturne op.9 No.1 date - (Early Romantic)
1831 - Chopin (Polish) - Nocturne op.9 No.2 date - (Early Romantic)
1833 - Bach (German) - Toccata and Fugue in D Minor - (Classical)
1836 - Chopin (Polish) - Nocture op.27 No.2 date - (Early Romantic)
1838 - Schumann (German) - Traumerei - (Early Romantic)
1840 - Schumann (German) - Zigeunerleben Op.29 - (Early Romantic)
1840 - Wagner (German) - Faust - (Early Romantic)
1844 - Mendelssohn (German) - Spring Song - (Early Romantic)
1845 - Bizet (French) - Carmen - Habanera - (Early Romantic)
1845 - Bizet (French) - Carmen - Overture - (Early Romantic)
1845 - Bizet (French) - Carmen - Toreadors - (Early Romantic)
1846 - Berlioz (French) - The Damnation of Faust - (Early Romantic)
1849 - Liszt (German) - Un Sospiro - (Early Romantic)
1850 - Liszt (German) - Love Dream - (Early Romantic)
1851 - Schumann (German) - Violin Sonata No.1 - (Early Romantic)
1853 - Verdi (Italian) - Il Trovatore - (Early Romantic)
1854 - Karl Wilhelm (German) - Die Wacht am Rhein
1856 - Wagner (German) - Ride of the Valkyries - (Late Romantic)
1867 - Beethoven (German) - Fur Elise - (Classical - discovered after death)
1867 - Johann Strauss II (Austrian) - The Blue Danube Waltz - (Late Romantic)
1867 - Mussorgsky (Russian) - Night On Bald Mountain - (Late Romantic)
1869 - Wagner (German) - Das Rheingold - Entry of the Gods Into Valhalla - (Late Romantic)
1871 - Verdi (Italian) - Aida - Grand March - (Late Romantic)
1871 - Verdi (Italian) - Aida - Triumphal March - (Late Romantic)
1874 - Camille Saint-Saëns (French) - Danse Macabre - (Late Romantic)
1875 - Grieg (Norwegian) - In the Hall of the Mountain King - (Late Romantic)
1876 - Wagner (German) - Der Ring des Nibelungen - (Late Romantic)
1880 - Tchaikovsky (Russian) - 1812 Overture (Full with Cannons) - (Romantic)
1883 - Delibes (French) - The Flower Duet - (Late Romantic)
1892 - Tchaikovsky (Russian) - Waltz of the Flowers - (Romantic)
1893 - Dvorak (Czech) - Symphony No. 9 - (Late Romantic)
Link to the full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de672
Music track
1 - 1705 - Vivaldi (Italian) - La Folia - Baroque
2 - 1710 - Bach (German) - Passacaglia and Fugue in C Minor BWV 582
3 - 1711 - Vivaldi (Italian) - Cantate Cessate, omai cessate
4 - 1711 - Vivaldi (Italian) - Concerto for 4 Violins in B minor RV 580
5 - 1711 - Vivaldi (Italian) - Concerto for Two Violins in A Minor RV522
6 - 1711 - Vivaldi (Italian) - Concerto for Violin and Organ in D minor RV 541
7 - 1711 - Vivaldi (Italian) - Concerto in E Minor RV 273 - (Baroque)
8 - 1712 - Vivaldi (Italian) - La Stravaganza - (Baroque)
9 - 1714 - Telemann (German) - Trumpet Concerto in D major - (Baroque)
10 - 1717 - Couperin (French) - Les Barricades Mystérieuses - (Baroque)
11 - 1717 - Handel (German) - Water Music - (Baroque)
12 - 1720 - Telemann (German) - Concerto for 4 Violins in D Major - (Baroque)
13 - 1720 - Telemann (German) - Concerto in E major for flute - (Baroque)
14 - 1722 - Couperin (French) - Forlane - Rondeau - (Baroque)
15 - 1723 - Vivaldi (Italian) - Spring - (Baroque)
16 - 1723 - Vivaldi (Italian) - Summer - (Baroque)
17 - 1723 - Vivaldi (Italian) - Autumn - (Baroque)
18 - 1723 - Vivaldi (Italian) - Winter - (Baroque)
19 - 1724 - Couperin (French) - Les Lis naissans - (Baroque)
20 - 1724 - Rameau (French) - Les Cyclopes - (Baroque)
21 - 1730 - Berlioz (French)- Rakoczy March - (Baroque)
22 - 1731 - Bach (German) - Air on G string (Baroque)
23 - 1733 - Handel (German) - Sarabande - (Baroque)
24 - 1741 - Handel (German) - Hallelujah Chorus - (Baroque)
25 - 1741 - Vivaldi (Italian) - Violin Concerto in A Minor RV 356 - (Baroque)
26 - 1745 - Scarlatti (Italian) - Fandango - (Baroque)
27 - 1745 - Thomas Arne (English) - God Save The Queen - British National Anthem
28 - 1748 - Rameau (French) - Zais - Overture - (Baroque)
29 - 1752 - Scarlatti (Italian) - Sonata in A minor K149 - (Baroque)
30 - 1757 - Scarlatti (Italian) - Scarlatti Sonata in A minor K175 composition - (Classical)
31 - 1772 - Haydn (Austrian) - Symphony No, 45 - (Classical)
32 - 1777 - Haydn (Austrian) - Serenade - (Classical)
33 - 1786 - Mozart (Austrian) - The Marriage of Figaro Overture - (Classical)
34 - 1787 - Mozart (Austrian) - Eine Kleine Nachtmusik - (Classical)
35 - 1788 - Mozart (Austrian) - Symphony No. 40 in G minor - (Classical)
36 - 1791 - Mozart (Austrian) - Requiem in D Minor - (Classical)
37 - 1791 - Mozart (Austrian) - Queen of the Night aria - (Classical)
38 - 1791 - Mozart (Austrian) - The Magic Flute Overture - (Classical)
1 - 1717 - Jean-Antoine Watteau (French) - The Embarkation for Cythera - Depicts a departure from the island of Cythera, the birthplace of Venus, thus symbolizing the temporary nature of human happiness
2 - 1718-1719 - Jean-Antoine Watteau (French) - Pleasures of Love
3 - 1718-1719 - Jean-Antoine Watteau (French) - The Feast (or Festival) of Love
4 - 1728-1732 - William Hogarth (English) - The Assembly at Wanstead House - Commissioned to record the 25th wedding anniversary of Richard Child, Viscount Castlemain and his wife Dorothy Glynne Child
5 - 1730 - William Hogarth (English) - Before - The woman's resistance may be for the sake of appearances rather than a genuine attempt to escape, as she has already discarded her corset
6 - 1731 - William Hogarth (English) - After - On the floor is a book by Aristotle entitled Omne Animal Post Coitum Triste (every animal is sad after sex, a saying attributed to Galen)
7 - 1736 - William Hogarth (English) - Four Times of the Day - They are humorous depictions of life in the streets of London, the vagaries of fashion, and the interactions between the rich and poor.
8 - 1745 - François Boucher (French) - The Brunette Odalisque - Odalisque refers originally refers to a concubine, but it is used here to describe the erotic fascination common amoung Rococo portraiture in King Louis XV's reign
9 - 1750 - Thomas Gainsborough (English) - Mr and Mrs Andrews - Robert Andrews, the male sitter, was a member of the landed gentry, a largely historical British social class of landowners who could live from rental income alone
10 - 1767 - Jean-Honoré Fragonard (French) - Also known as 'The Happy Accidents of the Swing', depicts a man who has the vantage point to see up the woman's dress as he is hidden in the bushes
11 - 1770 - Louis Jean François Lagrenée (French) - Mars and Venus, Allegory of Peace - Echoing the lovers' bliss, a pair of white doves, symbolizing Peace, build a nest in Mars's helmet
12 - 1778 - John Singleton Copley (English) - Watson and the Shark - Rescue of Brook Watson from a shark attack in Havana, Cuba. He was a friend of Copley, and commissioned the work himself. Watson lost his leg in this attack.
13 - 1780-1781 - Sir Joshua Reynolds (English) - The Ladies Waldegrave - The three daughters of James Waldegrave
Link to the full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de6727203831ac3d7dfdc92dd7c04d3
Music track
0:00 - 1600 - Orlando Gibbons (English) - This Is the Record of John - (Renaissance)
5:42 - 1602 - Giulio Caccini (Italian) - Amarilli mia bella
8:02 - 1604 - John Dowland (English) - Lachrimae - (Renaissance)
12:56 - 1605 - William Byrd (English) - Ave verum corpus
17:17 - 1610 - John Dowland (English) - In Darkness Let Me Dwell - (Renaissance)
20:52 - 1610 - Claudio Monteverdi (Italian) - Vespro della Beata Vergine, SV 206 - Magnificat I a 7 (Live)
25:33 - 1620 - Claudio Monteverdi (Italian) - Lamento d'Arianna, SV 22
26:58 - 1630-1639 - Gregorio Allegri (Italian) - Miserere
28:34 - 1644 - Giovanni Faustini (Italian) - L'Ormindo - First performed in 1644 at the Teatro San Cassiano, Venice, the world's first public opera house
31:11 - 1650 - Louis Couperin (French) - Duretez Fantaisie
33:20 - 1660 - Heinrich Schütz (German) - Weihnachtshistorie
35:22 - 1676 - Heinrich Biber (Austrian) - Mystery Sonatas (Rosary Sonatas), n. 1
37:37 - 1680 - Alessandro Scarlatti (Italian) - Gia il sole dal Gange (with translation)
39:47 - 1688 - Henry Purcell (English) - When I am laid in earth (Dido's lament) Elin Manahan Thomas
44:26 - Probably after the 1690s, exact date not known - Dietrich Buxtehude (Danish) - Passacaglia in D minor
50:03 - 1690 - Pachelbel (German) - Canon in D minor - (Baroque)
Link to the full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de6727203831ac3d7dfdc92dd7c04d3
Music track
0:00 - 1600 - Orlando Gibbons (English) - This Is the Record of John - (Renaissance)
5:42 - 1602 - Giulio Caccini (Italian) - Amarilli mia bella
8:02 - 1604 - John Dowland (English) - Lachrimae - (Renaissance)
12:56 - 1605 - William Byrd (English) - Ave verum corpus
17:17 - 1610 - John Dowland (English) - In Darkness Let Me Dwell - (Renaissance)
20:52 - 1610 - Claudio Monteverdi (Italian) - Vespro della Beata Vergine, SV 206 - Magnificat I a 7 (Live)
25:33 - 1620 - Claudio Monteverdi (Italian) - Lamento d'Arianna, SV 22
26:58 - 1630-1639 - Gregorio Allegri (Italian) - Miserere
28:34 - 1644 - Giovanni Faustini (Italian) - L'Ormindo - First performed in 1644 at the Teatro San Cassiano, Venice, the world's first public opera house
31:11 - 1650 - Louis Couperin (French) - Duretez Fantaisie
33:20 - 1660 - Heinrich Schütz (German) - Weihnachtshistorie
35:22 - 1676 - Heinrich Biber (Austrian) - Mystery Sonatas (Rosary Sonatas), n. 1
37:37 - 1680 - Alessandro Scarlatti (Italian) - Gia il sole dal Gange (with translation)
39:47 - 1688 - Henry Purcell (English) - When I am laid in earth (Dido's lament) Elin Manahan Thomas
44:26 - Probably after the 1690s, exact date not known - Dietrich Buxtehude (Danish) - Passacaglia in D minor
50:03 - 1690 - Pachelbel (German) - Canon in D minor - (Baroque)
Link to the full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de6727203831ac3d7dfdc92dd7c04d3
The whole songs can be found here - https://archive.org/details/musicaltimelineofeurope
Music
0:00 - 1600 - Orlando Gibbons (English) - This Is the Record of John - (Renaissance)
5:42 - 1602 - Giulio Caccini (Italian) - Amarilli mia bella
8:02 - 1604 - John Dowland (English) - Lachrimae - (Renaissance)
12:56 - 1605 - William Byrd (English) - Ave verum corpus
17:17 - 1610 - John Dowland (English) - In Darkness Let Me Dwell - (Renaissance)
20:52 - 1610 - Claudio Monteverdi (Italian) - Vespro della Beata Vergine, SV 206 - Magnificat I a 7 (Live)
25:33 - 1620 - Claudio Monteverdi (Italian) - Lamento d'Arianna, SV 22
26:58 - 1630-1639 - Gregorio Allegri (Italian) - Miserere
28:34 - 1644 - Giovanni Faustini (Italian) - L'Ormindo - First performed in 1644 at the Teatro San Cassiano, Venice, the world's first public opera house
31:11 - 1650 - Louis Couperin (French) - Duretez Fantaisie
33:20 - 1660 - Heinrich Schütz (German) - Weihnachtshistorie
35:22 - 1676 - Heinrich Biber (Austrian) - Mystery Sonatas (Rosary Sonatas), n. 1
37:37 - 1680 - Alessandro Scarlatti (Italian) - Gia il sole dal Gange (with translation)
39:47 - 1688 - Henry Purcell (English) - When I am laid in earth (Dido's lament) Elin Manahan Thomas
44:26 - Probably after the 1690s, exact date not known - Dietrich Buxtehude (Danish) - Passacaglia in D minor
50:03 - 1690 - Pachelbel (German) - Canon in D minor - (Baroque)
Full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de6727203831ac3d7dfdc92dd7c04d3
Music
0:00 - 1500 - Giovanni Palestrina (Italian) - Missa Marcelli III Credo - (Renaissance)
2:43 - 1500 - Josquin Des Prez (French) - Domine ne in furore - Weser - (Renaissance)
7:29 - 1501 - Petrucci - Harmonice Musices Odhecaton - (the first printed collection of polyphonic music)
16:10 - 1510 - Josquin des Prez - Missa de Beata Virgine
21:51 - 1520 - 1526 - Francesco Patavino (Italian) - Dilla da l'acqua
24:00 - 1539 - Jacques Arcadelt (Franco-Flemish) - Il primo libro di madrigali, Il bianco e dolce cigno
26:56 - 1550 - John Dowland (English) - The Frogg Galliard - (Renaissance)
29:02 - 1565 - Giovanni Palestrina (Italian) - Missa Papae Marcelli
32:25 - 1580 - Henry VIII (not certain) (English) - Greensleeves - (Renaissance)
35:39 - 1581 - Beaujoyeulx (French) - Ballet comique de la reine, La petite entrée
37:08 - 1593 - William Byrd (English) - Mass for Five Voices - (Renaissance)
43:28 - 1593 - William Byrd (English) - Mass for Four Voices - (Renaissance)
47:40 - 1596 - John Dowland (English) - Flow, my tears - (Renaissance)
Art
1501-1504 - Michelangelo (Italian) - David - Because of the nature of the figure it represented, the statue soon came to symbolize the defence of civil liberties embodied in the Republic of Florence
1503-1506 - Leonardo da Vinci (Italian) - Mona Lisa
1504 - Albrecht Durer (German) - Adam and Eve (engraving)
1505-1506 - Raphael (Italian) - Madonna in the Meadow - the figures of the Virgin Mary, the infant Jesus, and an infant John the Baptist shown in a calm grassy meadow, in a pyramidal arrangement linked by their gazes
1506 - Albrecht Dürer (German) - Feast of the Rosary - Shows the Virgin Enthroned holding the Child in the center. who is crowning Pope Julius II on the left, and German emperor Frederick III crowned by Mary.
1507 - Albrecht Durer (German) - Adam and Eve
1507-1508 - Giorgione (Italian) - The Temptest - Despite considerable discussion by art historians, the meaning of the scene remains elusive.
1508 - Giorgione (and possibly Tizian, both Italian) - Sleeping Venus - It is the first known reclining nude in Western painting
1508-1509 - Giorgione (Italian) - The Three Philosophers - It shows three philosophers – one young, one middle-aged, and one old. The work was commissioned by the Venetian noble Taddeo Contarini, a Venetian merchant
1508-1512 - Michelangelo (Italian) - Sistine Chapel ceiling - Central to the ceiling decoration are nine scenes from the Book of Genesis, of which The Creation of Adam is the best known
1509 - Raphael (Italian) - The School of Athens - a fresco to decorate the rooms now known as the Stanze di Raffaello, in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. Seen as Raphael's masterpiece and embodiment of the Renaissance
1510-1520 - Joachim Patinir (Flemish) - The Baptism of Christ - The work depicts the baptism of Christ in the River Jordan by Saint John the Baptist, as described in Matthew 3.13-17.
1511 - Albrecht Durer (German) - Adoration of the Trinity
1511 - Michelangelo (Italian) - Creation of Adam - Illustrates the Biblical creation narrative from the Book of Genesis in which God gives life to Adam, the first man. One of the most replicated religious paintings.
1512 - Raphael (Italian) - The Triumph of Galatea - In Greek mythology, the beautiful Nereid Galatea had fallen in love with the peasant shepherd Acis. Raphael chose the scene of the nymph's apotheosis.
1513-1514 - Raffaello Sanzio (Italian) - Portrait of a Young Man - The subject's identity is unverified, but many scholars have traditionally regarded it as Raphael's self-portrait.
1513-1515 - Michelangelo (Italian) - Moses - Commissioned in 1505 by Pope Julius II for his tomb, depicts biblical figure Moses with horns, based on a description in chapter 34 of Exodus in the Vulgate (the Latin Bible at the time)
1520 - Joachim Patinir (Flemish) - Landscape with the Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah
1520-1524 - Joachim Patinir (Flemish) - Crossing the River Styx - The larger figure in the boat is Charon, who transports the souls of the dead to the gates of Hades. The passenger in the boat decides between the two
1522-1523 - Titian (Italian) - Bacchus and Ariadne - Ariadne , left on the island of Naxos, deserted by her lover Theseus, whose ship sails away to the far left. Bacchus (Dionysus) discovers and falls in love with her.
1529 - Albrecht Altdorfer (German) - The Battle of Alexander at Issus - The 333 BC Battle of Issus, where Alexander the Great secured a decisive victory over Darius III of Persia and leverage against the Persians Empire.
1532 - Hans Holbein the Younger (German) - Portrait of the Merchant Georg Giese - The Danzig merchant Georg Gisze is shown among the paraphernalia of his trade money, pen, seal, inkpots, balance, boxes, scissors, and keys.
Link to the full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de6727203831ac3d7dfdc92dd7c04d3
Music
0:00 - 1500 - Giovanni Palestrina (Italian) - Missa Marcelli III Credo - (Renaissance)
2:43 - 1500 - Josquin Des Prez (French) - Domine ne in furore - Weser - (Renaissance)
7:29 - 1501 - Petrucci - Harmonice Musices Odhecaton - (the first printed collection of polyphonic music)
16:10 - 1510 - Josquin des Prez - Missa de Beata Virgine
21:51 - 1520 - 1526 - Francesco Patavino (Italian) - Dilla da l'acqua
24:00 - 1539 - Jacques Arcadelt (Franco-Flemish) - Il primo libro di madrigali, Il bianco e dolce cigno
26:56 - 1550 - John Dowland (English) - The Frogg Galliard - (Renaissance)
29:02 - 1565 - Giovanni Palestrina (Italian) - Missa Papae Marcelli
32:25 - 1580 - Henry VIII (not certain) (English) - Greensleeves - (Renaissance)
35:39 - 1581 - Beaujoyeulx (French) - Ballet comique de la reine, La petite entrée
37:08 - 1593 - William Byrd (English) - Mass for Five Voices - (Renaissance)
43:28 - 1593 - William Byrd (English) - Mass for Four Voices - (Renaissance)
47:40 - 1596 - John Dowland (English) - Flow, my tears - (Renaissance)
Link to the full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de6727203831ac3d7dfdc92dd7c04d3
Music
0:00 - 1500 - Giovanni Palestrina (Italian) - Missa Marcelli III Credo - (Renaissance)
2:43 - 1500 - Josquin Des Prez (French) - Domine ne in furore - Weser - (Renaissance)
7:29 - 1501 - Petrucci - Harmonice Musices Odhecaton - (the first printed collection of polyphonic music)
16:10 - 1510 - Josquin des Prez - Missa de Beata Virgine
21:51 - 1520 - 1526 - Francesco Patavino (Italian) - Dilla da l'acqua
24:00 - 1539 - Jacques Arcadelt (Franco-Flemish) - Il primo libro di madrigali, Il bianco e dolce cigno
26:56 - 1550 - John Dowland (English) - The Frogg Galliard - (Renaissance)
29:02 - 1565 - Giovanni Palestrina (Italian) - Missa Papae Marcelli
32:25 - 1580 - Henry VIII (not certain) (English) - Greensleeves - (Renaissance)
35:39 - 1581 - Beaujoyeulx (French) - Ballet comique de la reine, La petite entrée
37:08 - 1593 - William Byrd (English) - Mass for Five Voices - (Renaissance)
43:28 - 1593 - William Byrd (English) - Mass for Four Voices - (Renaissance)
47:40 - 1596 - John Dowland (English) - Flow, my tears - (Renaissance)
Link to the full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de6727203831ac3d7dfdc92dd7c04d3
Music
1400 - Busnoys (French) - In Hydraulis - (Renaissance)
1440 - Leonel Power - Beata Progenies (from The Old Hall Manuscript largest, most complete, and most significant source of English sacred music of the late 14th and early 15th centuries)
1450 - Antoine Busnois (French) - Missa O crux lignum triumphale - (Renaissance)
1450 - Jehan Brassart (French) - Gratulemur Christicole - (Renaissance)
1480 - Johannes Ockeghem (Netherlands) - Réquiem
1480 - Josquin Des Prez (French) - Missa l'Homme Armé Super Voces Musicales (Kyrie)
1490 - Josquin Des Prez (French) -Nymphes des bois - Graindelavoix
Art
1423 - Gentile da Fabriano (Italian) - Adoration of the Magi - The path of the three Magi in several scenes which start from the upper left corner (the voyage and the entrance into Bethlehem) and continues clockwise.
1425 - Masaccio (Italian) - The Tribute Money - describes a scene from the Gospel of Matthew, in which Jesus directs Peter to find a coin in the mouth of a fish in order to pay the temple tax
1432 - Jan van Eyck (probably Belgian) - The Ghent Altarpiece
1433 - Jan van Eyck (probably Belgian) - Portrait of a Man (probably a self portrait)
1433 - Jan van Eyck (probably Belgian) - Portrait of a Man (probably a self portrait)
1435 - Rogier van der Weyden (Netherlandish) -The Descent from the Cross
1437 - Fra Angelico (Italian) - The Crucified Christ
1440 - Rogier van der Weyden (Netherlandish) - Portrait of a Woman with a Winged Bonnet
1450 - Paolo Uccello (Italian) - The Battle of San Romano
1452-1466 - Piero della Francesca (Italian) - The History of the True Cross - the Queen of Sheba meeting with King Solomon
1460 - Andrea Mantegna (Italian) - The Agony in the Garden - Jesus prays in the garden after the Last Supper while the disciples sleep and Judas leads the mob
1466 - 1473 - Hans Memling (German) - The Last Judgment - the second coming of Jesus Christ, Jesus sitting in judgment, St Michael the Archangel weighs souls and drives the damed to hell, and St Peter guiding the saved
1470 - Paolo Uccello (Italian) - Saint George and the Dragon
1470-1475 - Sandro Botticelli (Italian) - Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist
1480 - Andrea Mantegna (Italian) - St. Sebastian - in a period of frequent plagues; Sebastian was considered protector against the plague as having been shot through by arrows, and it was thought the plauge spread through the air
1480-1490 - Hieronymus Bosch (Dutch) - The Garden of Earthly Delights - Creation(exterior shutters)
1482 - Sandro Botticelli (Italian) - Primavera - Left to right - Mercury, the Three Graces, Venus, Flora, Chloris, Zephyrus
1483 - Sandro Botticelli (Italian) - Venus and Mars
1484 - Sandro Botticelli (Italian) - Portrait of a Young Woman
1484-1486 - Sandro Botticelli (Italian) - The Birth of Venus (detail of the face of Venus)
1485 - Hans Memling (German) - Earthly Vanity and Divine Salvation (Front side)
1485 - Hans Memling (German) - Earthly Vanity and Divine Salvation (Rear Side)
1485 - Leonardo da Vinci (Italian) - Vitruvian Man - The proportions of the human body according to the Roman architect Vitruvius, accompanied by his notes.
1488-1490 - Hans Memling (German) - The Virgin and Child between St James and St Dominic
1489-1491 - Leonardo da Vinci (Italian) - Lady with an Ermine - Cecilia Gallerani, painted at a time when she was the mistress of Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, and Leonardo was in the Duke's service.
1490-1510 - Hieronymus Bosch (Dutch) - The Garden of Earthly Delights - Interior Panels
1495-1498 - Leonardo da Vinci (Italian) - The Last Supper
1496-1497 - Michelangelo (Italian) - Bacchus - Roman god of agriculture, wine and fertility, equivalent to the Greek god Dionysus
1498-1499 - Michelangelo (Italian) - Pietà - This famous work of art depicts the body of Jesus on the lap of his mother Mary after the Crucifixion
The whole works can be found here - https://archive.org/details/timeline-of-european-art-and-music
Music
0:00 - 1314 - Philippe de Vitry (French) - Garrit gallus
2:04 - 1324 - Guillaume de Machaut (French) - Bone pastor, Guillerme Bone pastor, qui pastores
4:08 - 1340 - Philippe de Vitry (French) - Cum statua Nabucodonasor - (Medieval)
5:19 - 1340 - Philippe de Vitry (French) - Sequentia - (Medieval)
6:27 - 1340 - Philippe de Vitry (French) - Garison selon nature - (Medieval)
7:50 - 1340 - Philippe de Vitry (French) - Floret - (Medieval)
9:09 - 1342 – Philippe de Vitry (French) - Petre Clemens Lugentium siccenturNon est inventus (motet for three voices), written at Christmas for Pope Clement VI
10:13 - 1346 - Jacopo da Bologna (Italian) - O in Italia felice Liguria - Madrigal with a text celebrating the birth on 4 August of twin sons to the Milanese ruler Luchino Visconti
11:02 - 1350 - Guillaume de Machaut (French) - Messe de Nostre Dame - KYRIE - (Medieval)
12:17 - 1350 - Guillaume de Machaut (French) - Messe de Nostre Dame - GLORIA - (Medieval)
13:39 - 1350 - Guillaume de Machaut (French) - Messe de Nostre Dame - CREDO - (Medieval)
14:57 - 1350 - Guillaume de Machaut (French) - Messe de Nostre Dame - SANCTUS - (Medieval)
16:02 - 1350 - Guillaume de Machaut (French) - Messe de Nostre Dame - Agnus Dei - (Medieval)
17:07 - 1350 - Guillaume de Machaut (French) - Messe de Nostre Dame - Ite Misa Est - (Medieval)
18:17 - 1356 - Guillaume de Machaut (French) - En demantant et lamentant - Lamenting the capture by Edward, the Black Prince of King Jean II and his son Philippe
19:33 - 1360 - Francesco Landini (Italian) - Che pena e quest al cor - (Medieval)
20:38 - 1360 - Francesco Landini (Italian) - De! dimmi tu, che se' cosi fregiato - (Medieval)
21:37 - 1360 - Francesco Landini (Italian) - I' priego Amor e la vostra biltate - (Medieval)
22:34 - 1360 - Francesco Landini (Italian) - Ecco la primavera - (Medieval)
24:27 - 1378 - Matheus de Sancto Johanne (French) - Inclite flos orti Gebenensis - Ballade for three voices, dedicated to Pope Clement VII, who bestowed a canonicate in Laon upon the composer in this year
26:52 - 1382 - Jacob de Senleches (Franco-Flemish) - Fuions de ci (Ballade) - with text referring to the recent death of Eleanor of Aragon, Queen of Castile
27:47 - 1390-1395 - Jacob Senleches (Franco-Flemish) - La harpe de melodie
28:38 - 1399 - Johannes Ciconia (Flemish) - Una panthera in compagnia de Marte - madrigal for three voices, written for the diplomatic visit by Lazzaro Guinigi of Lucca to Gian Galeazzo Visconti in Pavia
Art
1300 - Duccio (Italian) - Madonna with Child - The word Madonna is derived from the Italian 'ma donna,' or 'my lady' and is used to describe Mary, the mother of Christ.
1300 - Giotto (Italian) - The Badia Polyptych - This painting was originally on the high altar of the Badia in Florence. It is characterized by a language completely renewed in the 14th-century direction, which was to be at the basis of subsequent developments in Florentine and Italian painting.
1303 - Giotto (Italian) - The Marriage at Cana - The transformation of water into wine at the Marriage at Cana or Wedding at Cana is the first miracle attributed to Jesus in the Gospel of John
1304-1306 - Giotto di Bondone (Italian) - The incident in the Gospel of Matthew (2.16–18) in which Herod the Great, king of Judea, orders the execution of all male children under 2 year in the vicinity of Bethlehem.
1304-1306 - Giotto di Bondone (Italian) - Marriage of the Virgin - The high priest carefully moves the Virgins hand towards Joseph, who would like to place the ring on her finger. Mary's gaze is lowered. She rests one hand on her stomach, alluding to her impending pregnancy.
1308 - Duccio (Italian) - The Maesta (detail of Madonna and Child on throne) - Commissioned by the city of Siena in 1308. Installed in the Siena Cathedral in 1312 after a procession of the work in a loop around the city.
One witnesses wrote of this account
And on that day when it was brought into the cathedral, all workshops remained closed, and the bishop commanded a great host of devoted priests and monks to file past in solemn procession. This was accompanied by all the high officers of the Commune and by all the people; all honorable citizens of Siena surrounded said panel with candles held in their hands, and women and children followed humbly behind. They accompanied the panel amidst the glorious pealing of bells after a solemn procession on the Piazza del Campo into the very cathedral; and all this out of reverence for the costly panel… The poor received many alms, and we prayed to the Holy Mother of God, our patron saint, that she might in her infinite mercy preserve this our city of Siena from every misfortune, traitor or enemy.
1308-1311 - Duccio (Italian) - The Calling of the Apostles Peter and Andrew (from the Maestà) - Jesus calling his first disciples
Link to the full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de6727203831ac3d7dfdc92dd7c04d3
Music
0:00 - 1201 – Raimbaut de Vaqueiras (French) - Ara pot hom conoisser e proar
3:29 - 1204–05 – Raimbaut de Vaqueiras (French) - No·m agrad' iverns ni pascors
8:04 - 1220 - Pérotin (French) - Beata Viscera
14:05 - 1235 - Moniot d'Arras (French) - Ce fut en mai
16:38 - 1235–39 – Theobald I of Navarre (French) - Seignor, sachiés, qui or ne s’en ira (chanson de croisade)
21:06 - 1239 – Theobald I of Navarre (French) - Au tens plain de felonie (chanson de croisade)
23:22 - 1250 - 1280 - Anonymous (French origin) - Diex! je n'i os aler - From the Montpelliar Codex
24:19 - 1250 - 1280 - Anonymous (French origin) - Pucelete bele et avenant - From the Montpellier Codex
25:00 - 1250 -1280 - Anonymous (French origin) - Plus bele que flor est - From the Montpellier Codex
28:45 - 1250-1280 - Anonymous (French origin) - S'on e regarde - The Montpellier Codex
Art
1205 - (French) - The Legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus - Tells of seven brothers condemned to death because of their Christian faith. They took refuge in a cave, where they fell into a sleep that lasted several centuries. When the cave was inadvertently opened, the brothers were awakened, and the miracle was recognized by the local bishop. In this panel, one of eleven from the lost window, the Christian emperor Theodosius with two companions rides to Ephesus to see the brothers
1215 - (anonymous French architect, "The Master of Chartres") The west rose window at Chartres Cathedral
1220-1230 - (anonymous French architect, "The Master of Chartres") - Jamb statues at Chartres Cathedral - From the Porch of the Confessors in Chartres Cathedral - The canons (priests) started their religious services in the building as early as 1220
1221-1230 - (anonymous French architect, "The Master of Chartres") - South transept window at Chartres Cathedral
1225 - Nicholas of Verdun (French) - Shrine of the Three Kings - King David, missing his harp
1225 - Nicholas of Verdun (French) - Shrine of the Three Kings - King Solomon flanked by prophets and patriarchs. The round medallions on the roof contained at one time scenes from the life of Christ
1225 - Nicholas of Verdun (French) - Shrine of the Three Kings - St John the apostle, holding a model church or city. Busts of virtues decorate the spaces between the arches
1225 - Nicholas of Verdun (French) - Shrine of the Three Kings - The Crucifixion
1225 - Nicholas of Verdun (French) - Shrine of the Three Kings - The Epiphany. Enamel, filigree, precious stones, pearls and even roman cameos adorn the gilded scenes
1225 - Nicholas of Verdun (French) - Shrine of the Three Kings - The facade with the open panel, revealing the relics of the Three Kings
1225 - Nicholas of Verdun (French) - Shrine of the Three Kings - The prophet Joachim on the lower tier
1225 - Nicholas of Verdun (French) - Shrine of the Three Kings at Cologne Cathedral in Germany
1225-1229 - (anonymous) - Bamberg Horseman carved at Bamberg Cathedral in Germany
1229 - Catalan School (Spanish) completes James I the Conqueror Besieging Palma, Majorca
1229 - Herman the Recluse (Czech) - The Codex Gigas - Opening with the portrait of the devil - Legend states that, as a resident of the Benedictine Monastery of Podlazice, Herman the Recluse was condemned to be walled up alive and starved to death. However, in a plea for his life, he convinced the Abbot to let him live if he could create a book that encapsulated all earthly knowledge in one night. Herman wrote until midnight, upon which he realized he could not finish his masterpiece and sold his soul to a devil in exchange for the ability to finish the Codex Gigas.
1229 - Herman the Recluse (Czech) - The Codex Gigas - A closer look at the portrai of the devil
1229 - Herman the Recluse (Czech) - The Codex Gigas - Illuminated initial at the start of the Wisdom of Solomon
1235 - Bonaventura Berlinghieri (Italian) - Saint Francis of Assisi - Pope Gregory IX canonized Francis on 16 July 1228. Along with Catherine of Siena, he was designated patron saint of Italy. He later became associated with patronage of animals and the natural environment, and it became customary for churches to hold ceremonies blessing animals on his feast day of 4 October.
1235 - (anonymous French architect, "The Master of Chartres") - North transept rose window at Chartres Cathedral - Consecration of the cathedral took place on the 17th of October 1260, in the presence of King Saint-Louis
1245-1247 - (French) - Vision of Saint Germain of Paris - This panel is one of two scenes from the Legend of Saint Germain of Paris. Here Germain appears posthumously in a dream to a monk from Saint-Germain-des-Prés, exhorting the brother to maintain his faith
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Music
0:00 - Early 1100s - Saint Godric of Finchale (English) - Sainte Nicholas, Godes Druth
0:57 - Early 1100s - Saint Godric of Finchale (English) Sainte Marië viërgenë
2:20 - Early 1100s - Saint Godric of Finchale (English) - Crist and Sainte Marie
3:47 - 1100s - Nikolaos Moraitis (Greek) - O Aggelos Eboa
6:41 - 1100s - William IX (French) - Pos Des Chantar M'es Pres Talenz
10:08 - 1100s - Unknown (French) - L'autrier m'iere levaz
The song itself is about a knight who professes love to a shepherdess named Ermenjon
13:01 - 1100-1300 - Gregorian Chant (Italian) - Adorate Deum
15:12 - 1100-1300 - Gregorian Chant (Italian) - Dominus illuminatio mea
17:11 - 1100-1300 - Gregorian Chant (Italian) - Introitus Da pacem
19:05 - 1130-1150 - Marcabru (French) - Bel m'es quan li fruch madur
21:30 - 1150-1160 - Der von Kürenberg (German) - Ich zoch mir einen valken (Falkenlied or The Falcon Song) A song about a woman who raises a falcon
26:27 - Mid 1100s - Hildegard von Bingen (German) - Canticles of Ecstasy - Ensemble Sequentia
31:17 - 1170 - Leonin (French) - Magnus Liber - Canto gregoriano Organi, siglo XII
35:51 - 1170 - Leonin (French) - Organum Duplum
36:19 - Late 1100s - Raimbaut de Vaqueiras (French) - Kalenda maya
39:09 - Late 1100s - Countess of Die (French) - A chantar m'er de so qu'eu non volria
41:45 - 1188 - Raimbaut de Vaqueiras (French) - El son que pus m'agensa
45:06 - 1198 - Perotin (French) - Viderunt Omnes
48:30 - 1199 - Pérotin (French) - Sederunt principes
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Music
0:00 - Early 1000s - Guido d'Arezzo (Italian) - Ut queant laxis - Hymn to Saint John the Baptist
3:48 - Early 1000s - Guido d'Arezzo (Italian) - Miserere mei Deus
6:12 - Circa 1023-1054 - Hermann of Reichenau (German) - Alma Redemptoris Mater (Simple Tone)
7:16 - Circa 1023-1054 - Hermann of Reichenau (German) - Salve Regina
10:03 - Circa 1023-1054 - Hermann of Reichenau (German) - Veni Sancte Spiritus
16:37 - 1000s - Unknown (French) - Alleluia - Vidimus stellam. II mode
18:57 - 1040 - Turoldus (French) - The Song of Roland
Based on the Frankish military leader Roland at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass in 778, during the reign of Charlemagne. It is the oldest surviving major work of French literature
22:04 - 11-13th Century - Unknown, but thought to be mostly from young student clergy who satirized the Catholic Church (German) - Codex Buranus - Tempus Est Iocundum (The Time Is Pleasing)
A manuscript of 254 poems and dramatic texts mostly from the 11th or 12th century, although some are from the 13th century. The pieces are mostly bawdy, irreverent, and satirical. This song is about burning virgin love.
25:55 - 1000s - Unknown (Swedish) - Sackpipslät
28:34 - 11th or 12th Century) - William IX, Duke of Aquitaine (French) - Pos de chantar, Cançon
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0:00 - Early 900s - Unknown artist and title - Probably of German origin. Earliest known practical piece of polyphonic music, recently discovered in 2014 within a British Library manuscript in London. Origin of north-west Germany, somewhere around Paderborn or Düsseldorf
1:12 - 900s - Unknown (Greek) - O Aggelos Eboa, The Angel Cried
2:30 - 900s - Unknown, possibly Odo of Cluny (French) From the Musica Enchiriadis, an anonymous musical treatise of the 9th century. It is the first surviving attempt to set up a system of rules for polyphony in western art music.
6:17 - 900s - Unknown (Spanish) - Attende Domine (Hear Us, O Lord)
A Christian liturgical chant for the season of Lent, referred to in English as the Lent Prose. The themes of this hymn are the sinfulness of man and the mercy of God, a theological concept emphasized during Lent.
9:43 - 900s - Unknown (Greek origin) - Kyrie eleison (Lord, have mercy)
The prayer, "Kyrie, eleison," "Lord, have mercy" derives from a Biblical phrase. Greek ἐλέησόν με κύριε
"have mercy on me, Lord" is the Septuagint (the Greek version of the Hebrew bible) translation of the phrase חָנֵּנִי יְהוָה found often in Psalms ( 6:2, 9:13, 31:9, 86:3, 123:3). The way it is performed has changed repeatedly throughout history.
12:26 - 900s - Unknown (Spanish) - Song of the Sibyl
A liturgical drama and a Gregorian chant, the lyrics of which comprise a prophecy describing the Apocalypse, which has been performed in churches on Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain) and Alghero (Sardinia, Italy), and some Catalan churches, in the Catalan language on Christmas Eve nearly uninterruptedly since medieval times.
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0:00 - 814 - Written by a monk from Bobbio (in Italy)
Planctus de Obitu Karoli, or "Lament on the Death of Charlemagne"
Charlemagne or Charles the Great, a member of the Carolingian dynasty, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and the first Holy Roman Emperor from 800. On January 28, 814, he died of pleurisy, a lung disease.
This song was written shortly after.
9:30 - Early to mid 800s - Rabanus Maurus (German) - Veni Creator Spiritus (Come, Creator Spirit)
Translated and paraphrased into several languages, and adapted into many musical forms, often as a hymn for Pentecost or for other occasions that focus on the Holy Spirit.
12:33 - Circa 800s - Unknown - Audi Tellus, Audi Magni Maris Limbus
The first verse translated reads -
"Hear, earth;
hear the edge of the great sea;
Listen man;
hear all that liveth under the sun:
It will come, it is near
day of supreme wrath
unseen day
bitter day
which alone will flee
the sun will blush
the moon will change
the day will turn black
the stars will fall upon the earth."
19:49 - Circa early 900s - Unknown (French) - Incipit Planctus Karoli (Karoli's Lament Begins)
The first line (A solis ortu...) is drawn from a fifth-century hymn of Caelius Sedulius. As the Sedulian hymn was sung at Christmas time, the sorrowful Planctus presents a contrast with the joy typically associated with its opening. The poet expands upon his personal grief at the death of his emperor—and benefactor of Bobbio—by asking all the regions of Earth to mourn with him, and using the tears of Saint Columbanus, founder of Bobbio, as a symbol of the monastery's grief.
25:23 - 900s - Otfrid von Weißenburg (German)
Thes abet er ubar woroltring
A song about the last day of judgement before God. A translation of the first verse reads as follows.
"For the entire world a judgement day has been set,
before a powerful court, and we must fear it. I say
this loudly: there will be no one who can avoid
appearing before this court!"
32:55 - Circa 900s - Unknown (German) - Muspilli (a fragment from text)
Muspilli is an Old High German poem known in incomplete form (103 lines) from a ninth-century Bavarian manuscript. Its subject is the fate of the soul immediately after death and at the Last Judgment.
40:52 - Circa prior 884 - Notker Balbulus (Swiss)
Quid tu, virgo (Why thou, virgin)
The first verse roughly translated reads -
"Why do you, virgin, Mother, weep, beautiful Rachel, Jacob pleases? Let the wisdom of his old sister help him Wipe, mother, How do the wrinkles of your cheeks suit you? Alas, alas, alas; When I was bereaved, who alone would take care, Who would not surrender to the enemies the narrow borders which Jacob had acquired for me, and who would benefit from the stupid brothers, many of whom I,unfortunately, brought out. Is he to be wept, who possessed the heavenly kingdom? and who helps the poor brothers with frequent prayers to God?"
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Timestamps
0:00 - 700s - Benedictine Monks (English) - Christmas Gradual Viderunt Omens (based on Pslam 98) - Mass for Christmas Day
4:18 - 700s - Unknown (Spanish) - Sacrificium Vox clamantis - A Mozarabic chant. Mozarabic refers to the medieval Romance varieties spoken in the Iberian Peninsula in territories controlled by the Islamic rulers
9:06 - 700s - Unknown (Irish) - Be Thou My Vision - A traditional Irish Catholic hymn written in Gaelic and later translated to English
11:32 - 700s - Unknown (English) - Beowulf - In the poem, Beowulf's last words are - 'After they burn my body, tell my warriors to build a great burial mound on the cliffs that stick out into the sea. The sailors steering their ships on the gloomy waters will see it and call it Beowulf's barrow, and my people will remember me.
13:34 - Late 700s - Paulinus II of Aquileia (Italian) - Versus de Herico Duce - From the Carolingian era of music, which was produced from the second half of the 8th century until the second half of the 9th century. Carolingian ruler, Charlemagne, was a great patron of church music.
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Timestamps
0:00 - 600s - Unknown (probably Italian) - Mass for the Easter Day
1:30 - 600s - St. Romanos the Melodist (Syrio-Greek) - Hymn of the Nativity of Christ (Kontakion) - A kontakion is a poetic sermon with numerous stanzas that was in common use in the Byzantine rite between the 6th and 8th centuries.
4:32 - 600s - Unknown (Irish) - Sancti Venite (Come all ye holy) - Composed at Bangor Abbey (Ireland) in the 7th century AD, making it the oldest known Eucharistic hymn.
7:12 - 600-700s - Unknown (probably Italian) - Psalm 21 Old Roman Song - The last verse reads - "Be thou exalted, Lord, in thine own strength: so will we sing and praise thy power."
9:06 - 658-680 - Cædmon (English) - Cædmon's Hymn - Possibly the oldest surviving English poem. Performed on the Anglo-Saxon lyre, and sung in Old English.
11:33 - 600s - Unknown (probably Italian) - The Adoration of the Cross
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Timestamps
0:00 - 500 - Unknown (Greek) - Kyrie Eleyson (Lord have Mercy)
6:47 - 500-600s - Da Pacem, Domine (Give peace, Lord)
14:04 - Circa 500s - Unknown (probably Italian) - Dominus dixit ad me (The Lord said to me) - Old Roman chant
18:31 - 500s - Unknown - (probably Italian) - Alleluia , V. O Kyrios Evasileosen , V. Ke Gar Estereosen - Chanted as vespers for Easter Sunday. Vespers is a service of evening prayer. Vespers is Latin for evening prayers.
24:06 - Circa 580 - Trossingen Saxon Lyre - Uncovered in a 6th century gravesite in modern day Germany, represents the most complete Anglo-Saxon lyre found to date. Found in a aristocratic tomb of a wealthy man.
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0:00 - 300s - Ambrose of Milan (Italian) - Veni Redemptor gentium (I have come as the Redeemer of the nations)
3:20 - 300s - Ambrose of Milan (Italian) - Deus Creator Omnium (God the Creator of all things)
6:40 - 300s - Ambrose of Milan (Italian) - Aeterne rerum conditor (Eternal creator of things)
10:16 - 300s - Ambrose of Milan (Italian) - Jam surgit hora tertia (He gets up at three o'clock)
12:59 - 348 – 413 - Aurelius Prudentius Clemens (Roman) - Of The Father's Love Begotten
18:32 - 300s - Unknown (Greek) - Melchite Sacred Chant - Axion esti (It is Truly Meet) - It is truly right to bless thee, O Theotokos, the ever blessed, and most pure, and the Mother of our God.
23:09 - 310-367 - St. Hilary of Poitiers (French) - Jesus Refulsit Omnium (Jesus, Light of All the Nations)
25:27 - 390 - Ambrose of Milan (Italian) - O Splendor of God's Glory Bright
Link to the full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de6727203831ac3d7dfdc92dd7c04d3
Timestamps
0:00 - 300s - Ambrose of Milan (Italian) - Veni Redemptor gentium (I have come as the Redeemer of the nations)
3:20 - 300s - Ambrose of Milan (Italian) - Deus Creator Omnium (God the Creator of all things)
6:40 - 300s - Ambrose of Milan (Italian) - Aeterne rerum conditor (Eternal creator of things)
10:16 - 300s - Ambrose of Milan (Italian) - Jam surgit hora tertia (He gets up at three o'clock)
12:59 - 348 – 413 - Aurelius Prudentius Clemens (Roman) - Of The Father's Love Begotten
18:32 - 300s - Unknown (Greek) - Melchite Sacred Chant - Axion esti (It is Truly Meet) - It is truly right to bless thee, O Theotokos, the ever blessed, and most pure, and the Mother of our God.
23:09 - 310-367 - St. Hilary of Poitiers (French) - Jesus Refulsit Omnium (Jesus, Light of All the Nations)
25:27 - 390 - Ambrose of Milan (Italian) - O Splendor of God's Glory Bright
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0:00 - Circa 200s and prior - Ancient Roman music - No specific song or author here, just the performance of various instruments popular in Roman culture. Performed by "Musica Romana", a well-known, internationally-acclaimed music ensemble dedicated to recreating the Ancient Roman music. This is an approximation of what various Roman instruments would have sounded like.
4:32 - Circa 200s - Unknown (Greek) - Hymn to the Trinity
6:07 - Early 200s - St. Clement of Alexandria (Greek) - Shepherd of Tender Youth
9:00 - Circa 200s - Unknown (Greek) - Byzantine Rite Catholic Chanting - Hymn for the Protection of the Mother of God
11:13 - Circa late 200s to early 300s - Unknown (Greek origin, possibly St. Basil the Great) - Hail Gladdening Light, Φώς Ιλαρόν (Phos Hilaron ) - One of the earliest Christian Greek hymns.
14:29 - Late 200s - Unknown (Greek) - Oxyrhynchus Hymn - (Earliest known Christian Theme) - The papyrus on which the hymn was written dates from around the end of the 3rd century AD.
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0:00 - Circa 100s - Mesomedes (Greek) - Hymn to Nemesis - Goddess of retribution, who enacts retribution against those who succumb to hubris, arrogance before the gods.
Nemesis, winged tilter of scales and lives,
Justice-spawned Goddess with steel-blue eyes!
You bridle vain men who roil in vain
Against Your adamantine rein.
Great hater of hubris and megalomania,
Obliterator of black resentment,
By Your trackless, churning, wracking wheel
Man's glinting fortunes turn on earth.
You come in oblivion's cloak to bend
The grandeur-deluded rebel neck,
With forearm measuring out lifetimes,
With brow frowning into the heart of man
And the yoke raised sovereign in Your hand.
Hail in the highest, O justice-queen
Nemesis, winged tilter of scales and lives,
Immortal Judge! I sing Your song,
Almighty Triumph on proud-spread wings,
Lieutenant of fairness, Requiter of wrongs.
Despise the lordly with all Your art
And lay them low in the Netherdark.
1:33 - Circa 100s - Mesomedes (Greek) - Hymn to Nemesis (instrumental) - Played on other instruments that would have been popular during this time.
3:14 - Circa 100s and prior - Kithara-style lyre (instrumental) - This piece is an improvisation in the ancient Dorian mode, demonstrating a variety of ancient lyre-playing techniques.
5:39 - Early 100s - Mesomedes of Crete (Greek) - Hymn to the Sun - Mesomedes was a freedman of the Emperor Hadrian. Freedmen had many of the freedoms of Roman citizens, except for the ability to run for office. Their children however would be full Roman citizens.
Father of the Dawn with her snow-white eyelids,
you who follow in your rose-pink chariot
the track of your flying steeds,
exulting in the gold of your hair,
twining your darting rays
across the boundless vault of sky,
whirling around the whole earth
the thread of your all-seeing beams,
while flowing rivers of your deathless fire
beget the lovely day.
For you the peaceful chorus of stars
dance their measure across Olympos their lord,
forever singing their leisured song,
rejoicing in the music of Apollo’s lyre;
and leading them the silvery-grey Moon
marshals the months and seasons,
drawn by her team of milk-white heifers.
And your benevolent mind rejoices
as it whirls around the manifold raiment of the universe.
7:42 - Early 100s - Mesomedes of Crete (Greek) - Hymn to Calliope and Apollo - Calliope is the Muse who presides over eloquence and epic poetry
Wise Calliope,
leader of the delight-making Muses,
and skilful initiator into the mysteries,
son of Leto, Delian Paean,
favor me with your presence.
11:00 - Circa 130 - Mesomedes of Crete (Greek) - Hymn To The Muse - Muses are the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. Considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries in ancient Greek.
Link to the full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de6727203831ac3d7dfdc92dd7c04d3
0:00 - Circa 1st Century - Unknown (Greek) - Seikilos epitaph - The oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation, from anywhere in the world.
"While you live, shine
have no grief at all
life exists only for a short while
and Time demands his due"
4:33 - Cornu - A large circular horn, players by a cornicen, a junior officer in the Roman army. The cornicen's job was to signal salutes to officers and sound orders to the legions.
5:58 - Lyra - One of the most popular instruments during Greek and Roman times. Considered to be an ancestor of most European bowed instruments.
7:30 - Kithara - Whereas the basic lyra was widely used as a teaching instrument in boys’ schools, the cithara was a virtuoso's instrument, generally known as requiring a great deal of skill.
10:08 - Kithara - The kithara is said to have been the invention of Apollo, the god of music. Apollo is often depicted playing a cithara instead of a lyre, often dressed in a kitharode’s formal robes. Kitharoidos, or Citharoedus is an epithet given to Apollo, which means "lyre-singer" or "one who sings to the lyre".
Link to the full collection here - https://odysee.com/@CisWhiteMalewithExtraPrivilege:0/1900-Timeline:1?lid=ada01af25de6727203831ac3d7dfdc92dd7c04d3
0:00 - First Century BC - Roman Lyre
An instrument popular in Greek and Roman times
3:11 - First Century BC - Tortoise Shell Lyre
A custom made tortoise shell lyres, with a Greek tortoise shell foraged from the forests near Thessaloniki (a Greek port city) and unpolished gut strings, using small intestines.
6:35 - First Century BC - Tympanum
Very similar to a tambourine consisting of a wooden frame that was covered on one side by animal skin. This drum had a special connection to Dionysus, so it is often depicted in scenes and art dedicated to the god. This also suggests it would be used at parties and any ceremony that included drinks, as Dionysus was the goddess of wine and fertility.
8:34 - First Century BC - Syrinx (Pan Flute)
One of the most popular wind instruments in Rome. Easily made and accessible, meaning that it was also found outside of major cities. It may have even been a household instrument.
11:32 - 17 BC - Horace (Roman) - Carmen Saeculare (Latin for Secular Hymn or Song of the Ages)
A hymn in Sapphic meter written by the Roman poet Horace. It was commissioned by the Roman emperor Augustus.
The hymn was sung by a chorus of twenty-seven maidens and the same number of youths on the occasion of the Ludi Saeculares (Secular Games), which celebrated the end of one saeculum (typically 110 years in length) and the beginning of another.